Affiliation parameter

1️⃣

ROR REST API v1

This page documents v1 of the ROR REST API. For v2 documentation of the ROR REST API, see https://ror.readme.io/v2/docs/api-affiliation. You can also read more about ROR API versions and a summary of what's new in Schema 2.0 and Schema 2.1.

About the affiliation parameter

The affiliation parameter is designed to match messy text to ROR records. It breaks long search strings into multiple substrings at spaces and punctuation marks, performs multiple searches of only name-related fields in ROR (name, aliases, labels and acronym) using several different search algorithms, limits results to records matching any country names or ISO codes in the text, and finally returns (if possible!) its best guess about the mostly likely match to a ROR record.

The affiliation parameter is designed for the following purposes:

  • Matching ROR IDs to legacy author affiliations in publishing systems
  • Matching ROR IDs to long and heavily-punctuated text strings that contain not just organization names, but also extraneous information such as addresses and academic departments

The affiliation parameter service can match messy text strings to ROR IDs at about 85% efficacy depending on the text data and the affiliation implementation. Because of the high number of identical and similar names among research institutions globally, we recommend human review of suggested matches.

📘

Affiliation parameter format

https://api.ror.org/v1/organizations?affiliation=[URL-encoded-string]

Formatting searches

All request strings must be URL-encoded. The affiliation parameter is specifically designed to handle strings with punctuation, special characters, and spaces, so it is not necessary to enclose multi-term search strings in quotation marks or to escape special characters.

Paging and filtering

The affiliation parameter does not accept filters and results are not paginated. When filter syntax is added to the end of an affiliation search, the terms will be treated as part of the affiliation search. All results will be returned, not just the first 20, since this approach typically returns a small number of results.

🚧

Be aware of differences between the affiliation parameter and the query parameters

Unlike the query and advanced query parameters, the affiliation parameter does not accept filters, and results are not paginated -- all results will be returned, not just the first 20. When filter syntax is added to the end of an affiliation search, the terms will be treated as part of the affiliation search.

Also unlike the query and advanced query parameters, the affiliation parameter expects multi-word strings that include spaces, punctuation, and special characters. Surrounding terms in quotation marks or escaping special characters can produce worse results when using the affiliation parameter.

Matching long, messy text strings to ROR records

If you have messy, unstructured text data that includes organization names, you can use the affiliation parameter to look for ROR records that match the organization names buried within those text strings. One such messy text string might be "Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino 2, Pisa 56126, Italy".

Example

curl 'https://api.ror.org/v1/organizations?affiliation=Department%20of%20Civil%20and%20Industrial%20Engineering%2C%20University%20of%20Pisa%2C%20Largo%20Lucio%20Lazzarino%202%2C%20Pisa%2056126%2C%20Italy' | json_pp

The response is a JSON object that contains an array of items with the following fields:

  • organization: ROR record for matched organization

  • substring: substring of the supplied string that generated this match

  • score: matching confidence score, with values between 0 and 1 (inclusive)

  • chosen: binary indicator of whether the score is high enough to consider the organization correctly matched

  • matching_type: type of matching algorithm applied in this case, possible values:

    • PHRASE: the entire phrase matched to a variant of the organization's name
    • COMMON TERMS: the matching was done by comparing the words separately
    • FUZZY: the matching was done by fuzzy-comparing the words separately
    • HEURISTICS: "University of X" was matched to "X University"
    • ACRONYM: matched by acronym
    • EXACT: exact match of the entered string in name, aliases, labels or acronyms fields

The first item in the array, the ROR record for the University of Pisa, has a chosen value of true, indicating that the affiliation service considers this record a sufficiently likely match to the text string. Not all affiliation searches will produce a "chosen" result.

The matching_type is given as "COMMON TERMS", indicating the method by which the affiliation parameter chose the matching record. The confidence score is 1, the highest possible level of confidence in the match. Only results with a score of at least .5 are returned.

The substring used to find the match in this case is "Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering University of Pisa Largo Lucio Lazzarino 2 Pisa Italy", or the entire text content of the entered string excluding the numeric postcode.

{
   "items" : [
      {
         "chosen" : true,
         "matching_type" : "COMMON TERMS",
         "organization" : {
            "acronyms" : [
               "UniPi"
            ],
            "addresses" : [
               {
                  "city" : "Pisa",
                  "country_geonames_id" : null,
                  "geonames_city" : {
                     "city" : "Pisa",
                     "geonames_admin1" : {
                        "ascii_name" : null,
                        "code" : "IT.52",
                        "id" : null,
                        "name" : "Tuscany"
                     },
                     "geonames_admin2" : {
                        "ascii_name" : null,
                        "code" : null,
                        "id" : null,
                        "name" : null
                     },
                     "id" : 3170647,
                     "license" : {
                        "attribution" : "Data from geonames.org under a CC-BY 3.0 license",
                        "license" : "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/"
                     },
                     "nuts_level1" : {
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                        "name" : null
                     },
                     "nuts_level2" : {
                        "code" : null,
                        "name" : null
                     },
                     "nuts_level3" : {
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                  },
                  "lat" : 43.70853,
                  "line" : null,
                  "lng" : 10.4036,
                  "postcode" : null,
                  "primary" : false,
                  "state" : null,
                  "state_code" : null
               }
            ],
            "aliases" : [],
            "country" : {
               "country_code" : "IT",
               "country_name" : "Italy"
            },
            "email_address" : null,
            "established" : 1343,
            "external_ids" : {
               "FundRef" : {
                  "all" : [
                     "501100007514"
                  ],
                  "preferred" : null
               },
               "GRID" : {
                  "all" : "grid.5395.a",
                  "preferred" : "grid.5395.a"
               },
               "ISNI" : {
                  "all" : [
                     "0000 0004 1757 3729"
                  ],
                  "preferred" : null
               },
               "Wikidata" : {
                  "all" : [
                     "Q645663"
                  ],
                  "preferred" : null
               }
            },
            "id" : "https://ror.org/03ad39j10",
            "ip_addresses" : [],
            "labels" : [
               {
                  "iso639" : "it",
                  "label" : "Università di Pisa"
               },
               {
                  "iso639" : "de",
                  "label" : "Universität Pisa"
               },
               {
                  "iso639" : "fr",
                  "label" : "Université de Pise"
               }
            ],
            "links" : [
               "https://www.unipi.it"
            ],
            "name" : "University of Pisa",
            "relationships" : [
               {
                  "id" : "https://ror.org/00mc91w09",
                  "label" : "Ospedale Cisanello",
                  "type" : "Related"
               }
            ],
            "status" : "active",
            "types" : [
               "Education",
               "Funder"
            ],
            "wikipedia_url" : "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Pisa"
         },
         "score" : 1,
         "substring" : "Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering University of Pisa Largo Lucio Lazzarino 2 Pisa  Italy"
      },
      {
         "chosen" : false,
         "matching_type" : "COMMON TERMS",
         "organization" : {
            "acronyms" : [],
            "addresses" : [
               {
                  "city" : "Pisa",
                  "country_geonames_id" : null,
                  "geonames_city" : {
                     "city" : "Pisa",
                     "geonames_admin1" : {
                        "ascii_name" : null,
                        "code" : "IT.52",
                        "id" : null,
                        "name" : "Tuscany"
                     },
                     "geonames_admin2" : {
                        "ascii_name" : null,
                        "code" : null,
                        "id" : null,
                        "name" : null
                     },
                     "id" : 3170647,
                     "license" : {
                        "attribution" : "Data from geonames.org under a CC-BY 3.0 license",
                        "license" : "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/"
                     },
                     "nuts_level1" : {
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                     "nuts_level2" : {
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                  },
                  "lat" : 43.70853,
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                  "postcode" : null,
                  "primary" : false,
                  "state" : null,
                  "state_code" : null
               }
            ],
            "aliases" : [],
            "country" : {
               "country_code" : "IT",
               "country_name" : "Italy"
            },
            "email_address" : null,
            "established" : null,
            "external_ids" : {
               "GRID" : {
                  "all" : "grid.144189.1",
                  "preferred" : "grid.144189.1"
               },
               "ISNI" : {
                  "all" : [
                     "0000 0004 1756 8209"
                  ],
                  "preferred" : null
               }
            },
            "id" : "https://ror.org/05xrcj819",
            "ip_addresses" : [],
            "labels" : [
               {
                  "iso639" : "en",
                  "label" : "University Hospital of Pisa"
               }
            ],
            "links" : [
               "http://www.ao-pisa.toscana.it/"
            ],
            "name" : "Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana",
            "relationships" : [
               {
                  "id" : "https://ror.org/00mc91w09",
                  "label" : "Ospedale Cisanello",
                  "type" : "Child"
               },
               {
                  "id" : "https://ror.org/04069k268",
                  "label" : "ERN ReCONNET",
                  "type" : "Related"
               }
            ],
            "status" : "active",
            "types" : [
               "Healthcare"
            ],
            "wikipedia_url" : null
         },
         "score" : 0.8,
         "substring" : "University of Pisa"
      },
      {
         "chosen" : false,
         "matching_type" : "COMMON TERMS",
         "organization" : {
            "acronyms" : [
               "INFN-PI"
            ],
            "addresses" : [
               {
                  "city" : "Pisa",
                  "country_geonames_id" : null,
                  "geonames_city" : {
                     "city" : "Pisa",
                     "geonames_admin1" : {
                        "ascii_name" : null,
                        "code" : "IT.52",
                        "id" : null,
                        "name" : "Tuscany"
                     },
                     "geonames_admin2" : {
                        "ascii_name" : null,
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                        "id" : null,
                        "name" : null
                     },
                     "id" : 3170647,
                     "license" : {
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                  "line" : null,
                  "lng" : 10.4036,
                  "postcode" : null,
                  "primary" : false,
                  "state" : null,
                  "state_code" : null
               }
            ],
            "aliases" : [
               "INFN Pisa",
               "INFN Pisa Division",
               "INFN Pisa Unit",
               "INFN Sezione di Pisa"
            ],
            "country" : {
               "country_code" : "IT",
               "country_name" : "Italy"
            },
            "email_address" : null,
            "established" : null,
            "external_ids" : {
               "GRID" : {
                  "all" : "grid.470216.6",
                  "preferred" : "grid.470216.6"
               },
               "Wikidata" : {
                  "all" : [
                     "Q30265297"
                  ],
                  "preferred" : null
               }
            },
            "id" : "https://ror.org/05symbg58",
            "ip_addresses" : [],
            "labels" : [
               {
                  "iso639" : "en",
                  "label" : "National Institute for Nuclear Physics, Pisa Division"
               }
            ],
            "links" : [
               "https://www.pi.infn.it"
            ],
            "name" : "Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa",
            "relationships" : [
               {
                  "id" : "https://ror.org/005ta0471",
                  "label" : "Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare",
                  "type" : "Parent"
               },
               {
                  "id" : "https://ror.org/00x27da85",
                  "label" : "University of Perugia",
                  "type" : "Parent"
               },
               {
                  "id" : "https://ror.org/02w0r2764",
                  "label" : "MAGIC Telescopes",
                  "type" : "Related"
               }
            ],
            "status" : "active",
            "types" : [
               "Facility"
            ],
            "wikipedia_url" : null
         },
         "score" : 0.71,
         "substring" : "Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering University of Pisa Largo Lucio Lazzarino 2 Pisa  Italy"
      },
      {
         "chosen" : false,
         "matching_type" : "FUZZY",
         "organization" : {
            "acronyms" : [],
            "addresses" : [
               {
                  "city" : "Rome",
                  "country_geonames_id" : null,
                  "geonames_city" : {
                     "city" : "Rome",
                     "geonames_admin1" : {
                        "ascii_name" : null,
                        "code" : "IT.62",
                        "id" : null,
                        "name" : "Lazio"
                     },
                     "geonames_admin2" : {
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                        "code" : null,
                        "id" : null,
                        "name" : null
                     },
                     "id" : 3169070,
                     "license" : {
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                        "license" : "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/"
                     },
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                  "lat" : 41.89193,
                  "line" : null,
                  "lng" : 12.51133,
                  "postcode" : null,
                  "primary" : false,
                  "state" : null,
                  "state_code" : null
               }
            ],
            "aliases" : [
               "Urbaniana"
            ],
            "country" : {
               "country_code" : "IT",
               "country_name" : "Italy"
            },
            "email_address" : null,
            "established" : 1627,
            "external_ids" : {
               "GRID" : {
                  "all" : "grid.449323.b",
                  "preferred" : "grid.449323.b"
               },
               "ISNI" : {
                  "all" : [
                     "0000 0004 1797 7432"
                  ],
                  "preferred" : null
               },
               "Wikidata" : {
                  "all" : [
                     "Q2032536"
                  ],
                  "preferred" : null
               }
            },
            "id" : "https://ror.org/01yjpt684",
            "ip_addresses" : [],
            "labels" : [
               {
                  "iso639" : "it",
                  "label" : "Pontificia Università Urbaniana"
               },
               {
                  "iso639" : "de",
                  "label" : "Päpstliche Universität Urbaniana"
               },
               {
                  "iso639" : "fr",
                  "label" : "Université pontificale urbaniana"
               }
            ],
            "links" : [
               "http://www.urbaniana.edu/"
            ],
            "name" : "Pontifical Urban University",
            "relationships" : [],
            "status" : "active",
            "types" : [
               "Education"
            ],
            "wikipedia_url" : "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pontifical_Urban_University"
         },
         "score" : 0.67,
         "substring" : "University of Pisa"
      },
      {
         "chosen" : false,
         "matching_type" : "FUZZY",
         "organization" : {
            "acronyms" : [
               "UNICAL"
            ],
            "addresses" : [
               {
                  "city" : "Rende",
                  "country_geonames_id" : null,
                  "geonames_city" : {
                     "city" : "Rende",
                     "geonames_admin1" : {
                        "ascii_name" : null,
                        "code" : "IT.78",
                        "id" : null,
                        "name" : "Calabria"
                     },
                     "geonames_admin2" : {
                        "ascii_name" : null,
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                        "id" : null,
                        "name" : null
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                     "id" : 2523623,
                     "license" : {
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                  "lat" : 39.33154,
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                  "state" : null,
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            "aliases" : [],
            "country" : {
               "country_code" : "IT",
               "country_name" : "Italy"
            },
            "email_address" : null,
            "established" : 1972,
            "external_ids" : {
               "FundRef" : {
                  "all" : [
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                  "preferred" : null
               },
               "GRID" : {
                  "all" : "grid.7778.f",
                  "preferred" : "grid.7778.f"
               },
               "ISNI" : {
                  "all" : [
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               },
               "Wikidata" : {
                  "all" : [
                     "Q1752540"
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                  "preferred" : null
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            },
            "id" : "https://ror.org/02rc97e94",
            "ip_addresses" : [],
            "labels" : [
               {
                  "iso639" : "it",
                  "label" : "Università della Calabria"
               },
               {
                  "iso639" : "de",
                  "label" : "Universität Kalabrien"
               },
               {
                  "iso639" : "fr",
                  "label" : "Université de la calabre"
               }
            ],
            "links" : [
               "https://www.unical.it"
            ],
            "name" : "University of Calabria",
            "relationships" : [
               {
                  "id" : "https://ror.org/039epzh36",
                  "label" : "Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Gruppo Collegato di Cosenza",
                  "type" : "Related"
               }
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            "status" : "active",
            "types" : [
               "Education",
               "Funder"
            ],
            "wikipedia_url" : "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Calabria"
         },
         "score" : 0.65,
         "substring" : "University of Pisa"
      },
      {
         "chosen" : false,
         "matching_type" : "COMMON TERMS",
         "organization" : {
            "acronyms" : [],
            "addresses" : [
               {
                  "city" : "Rome",
                  "country_geonames_id" : null,
                  "geonames_city" : {
                     "city" : "Rome",
                     "geonames_admin1" : {
                        "ascii_name" : null,
                        "code" : "IT.62",
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                        "name" : "Lazio"
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            "id" : "https://ror.org/050xp5d36",
            "ip_addresses" : [],
            "labels" : [
               {
                  "iso639" : "en",
                  "label" : "Civil Protection Department"
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            "links" : [
               "http://www.protezionecivile.gov.it/jcms/en/homepage.wp"
            ],
            "name" : "Dipartimento della Protezione Civile",
            "relationships" : [],
            "status" : "active",
            "types" : [
               "Government",
               "Funder"
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         },
         "score" : 0.58,
         "substring" : "Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering"
      },
      {
         "chosen" : false,
         "matching_type" : "COMMON TERMS",
         "organization" : {
            "acronyms" : [
               "INGV-PI"
            ],
            "addresses" : [
               {
                  "city" : "Pisa",
                  "country_geonames_id" : null,
                  "geonames_city" : {
                     "city" : "Pisa",
                     "geonames_admin1" : {
                        "ascii_name" : null,
                        "code" : "IT.52",
                        "id" : null,
                        "name" : "Tuscany"
                     },
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                     },
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            ],
            "aliases" : [
               "Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia Sezione di Pisa",
               "National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology, Pisa Section"
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                  "label" : "Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia",
                  "type" : "Parent"
               }
            ],
            "status" : "active",
            "types" : [
               "Facility"
            ],
            "wikipedia_url" : null
         },
         "score" : 0.55,
         "substring" : "Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering University of Pisa Largo Lucio Lazzarino 2 Pisa  Italy"
      }
   ],
   "number_of_results" : 7
}

📘

Is it a match?

When using affiliation matching, look for results with "chosen": true if you want a simple approach to choosing the best match. When there's no result with "chosen": true it can mean either that there are no particularly good matches or that there are several good matches but no clear winner. If there is no result with "chosen": true, some additional review (either by humans or machines) is almost always needed.

Example

An affiliation string such as "UCL School of Slavonic and East European Studies" does not contain enough identifying information for the ROR API affiliation matching service to choose a matching ROR record.

curl 'https://api.ror.org/v1/organizations?affiliation=UCL%20School%20of%20Slavonic%20and%20East%20European%20Studies' | json_pp

The response returns 17 results with confidence scores ranging from .54 to .90, but the affiliation matching service does not rate any of these results as a recommended match.

{
   "items" : [
      {
         "chosen" : false,
         "matching_type" : "ACRONYM",
         "organization" : {
            "acronyms" : [
               "UCL"
            ],
            "addresses" : [
               {
                  "city" : "London",
                  "country_geonames_id" : null,
                  "geonames_city" : {
                     "city" : "London",
                     "geonames_admin1" : {
                        "ascii_name" : null,
                        "code" : "GB.ENG",
                        "id" : null,
                        "name" : "England"
                     },
                     "geonames_admin2" : {
                        "ascii_name" : null,
                        "code" : null,
                        "id" : null,
                        "name" : null
                     },
                     "id" : 2643743,
                     "license" : {
                        "attribution" : "Data from geonames.org under a CC-BY 3.0 license",
                        "license" : "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/"
                     },
                     "nuts_level1" : {
                        "code" : null,
                        "name" : null
                     },
                     "nuts_level2" : {
                        "code" : null,
                        "name" : null
                     },
                     "nuts_level3" : {
                        "code" : null,
                        "name" : null
                     }
                  },
                  "lat" : 51.50853,
                  "line" : null,
                  "lng" : -0.12574,
                  "postcode" : null,
                  "primary" : false,
                  "state" : null,
                  "state_code" : null
               }
            ],
            "aliases" : [
               "London University",
               "University College, London"
            ],
            "country" : {
               "country_code" : "GB",
               "country_name" : "United Kingdom"
            },
            "email_address" : null,
            "established" : 1826,
            "external_ids" : {
               "FundRef" : {
                  "all" : [
                     "501100000765",
                     "501100000685",
                     "501100008538",
                     "501100001285",
                     "501100006154",
                     "501100001299",
                     "501100001283",
                     "501100006637",
                     "501100001281",
                     "501100001282",
                     "501100000845",
                     "501100013915"
                  ],
                  "preferred" : "501100000765"
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               "GRID" : {
                  "all" : "grid.83440.3b",
                  "preferred" : "grid.83440.3b"
               },
               "ISNI" : {
                  "all" : [
                     "0000 0001 2190 1201"
                  ],
                  "preferred" : null
               },
               "Wikidata" : {
                  "all" : [
                     "Q193196"
                  ],
                  "preferred" : null
               }
            },
            "id" : "https://ror.org/02jx3x895",
            "ip_addresses" : [],
            "labels" : [
               {
                  "iso639" : "cy",
                  "label" : "Coleg Prifysgol Llundain"
               }
            ],
            "links" : [
               "http://www.ucl.ac.uk/"
            ],
            "name" : "University College London",
            "relationships" : [
               {
                  "id" : "https://ror.org/047d2d387",
                  "label" : "Centre for the Observation and Modelling of Earthquakes, Volcanoes and Tectonics",
                  "type" : "Child"
               },
               {
                  "id" : "https://ror.org/05wsetc54",
                  "label" : "Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology",
                  "type" : "Child"
               },
               {
                  "id" : "https://ror.org/001mm6w73",
                  "label" : "MRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL",
                  "type" : "Child"
               },
               {
                  "id" : "https://ror.org/00fv61j67",
                  "label" : "MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology",
                  "type" : "Child"
               },
               {
                  "id" : "https://ror.org/043j90n04",
                  "label" : "MRC Prion Unit",
                  "type" : "Child"
               },
               {
                  "id" : "https://ror.org/03kpvby98",
                  "label" : "MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing",
                  "type" : "Child"
               },
               {
                  "id" : "https://ror.org/004hydx84",
                  "label" : "NIHR Moorfields Biomedical Research Centre",
                  "type" : "Child"
               },
               {
                  "id" : "https://ror.org/05s21y527",
                  "label" : "Sierra Leone Urban Research Centre",
                  "type" : "Child"
               },
               {
                  "id" : "https://ror.org/03r9qc142",
                  "label" : "UCL Biomedical Research Centre",
                  "type" : "Child"
               },
               {
                  "id" : "https://ror.org/0078bd381",
                  "label" : "University College London Qatar",
                  "type" : "Child"
               },
               {
                  "id" : "https://ror.org/03r42r570",
                  "label" : "Wellcome / EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences",
                  "type" : "Child"
               },
               {
                  "id" : "https://ror.org/02704qw51",
                  "label" : "Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging",
                  "type" : "Child"
               },
               {
                  "id" : "https://ror.org/05mz0pr34",
                  "label" : "UCL Hospitals Charitable Foundation",
                  "type" : "Child"
               },
               {
                  "id" : "https://ror.org/04cw6st05",
                  "label" : "University of London",
                  "type" : "Parent"
               },
               {
                  "id" : "https://ror.org/00zn2c847",
                  "label" : "Great Ormond Street Hospital",
                  "type" : "Related"
               },
               {
                  "id" : "https://ror.org/03tb37539",
                  "label" : "Moorfields Eye Hospital",
                  "type" : "Related"
               },
               {
                  "id" : "https://ror.org/04ksb3515",
                  "label" : "NIHR Queen Square Dementia Biomedical Research Unit",
                  "type" : "Related"
               },
               {
                  "id" : "https://ror.org/048b34d51",
                  "label" : "National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery",
                  "type" : "Related"
               },
               {
                  "id" : "https://ror.org/043j9bc42",
                  "label" : "Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital",
                  "type" : "Related"
               },
               {
                  "id" : "https://ror.org/03dx46b94",
                  "label" : "Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Trust",
                  "type" : "Related"
               },
               {
                  "id" : "https://ror.org/01ge67z96",
                  "label" : "The Royal Free Hospital",
                  "type" : "Related"
               },
               {
                  "id" : "https://ror.org/00wrevg56",
                  "label" : "University College Hospital",
                  "type" : "Related"
               },
               {
                  "id" : "https://ror.org/02pkrn365",
                  "label" : "University College Hospital at Westmoreland Street",
                  "type" : "Related"
               },
               {
                  "id" : "https://ror.org/05d64cx77",
                  "label" : "Wellcome Trust Centre for the History of Medicine",
                  "type" : "Related"
               },
               {
                  "id" : "https://ror.org/01ckbq028",
                  "label" : "Whittington Hospital",
                  "type" : "Related"
               },
               {
                  "id" : "https://ror.org/04kjqkz56",
                  "label" : "Sainsbury Wellcome Centre",
                  "type" : "Child"
               }
            ],
            "status" : "active",
            "types" : [
               "Education",
               "Funder"
            ],
            "wikipedia_url" : "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_College_London"
         },
         "score" : 0.9,
         "substring" : "UCL"
      },
      {
         "chosen" : false,
         "matching_type" : "ACRONYM",
         "organization" : {
            "acronyms" : [
               "UCL"
            ],
            "addresses" : [
               {
                  "city" : "Kampala",
                  "country_geonames_id" : null,
                  "geonames_city" : {
                     "city" : "Kampala",
                     "geonames_admin1" : {
                        "ascii_name" : null,
                        "code" : "UG.C",
                        "id" : null,
                        "name" : "Central Region"
                     },
                     "geonames_admin2" : {
                        "ascii_name" : null,
                        "code" : null,
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                        "name" : null
                     },
                     "id" : 232422,
                     "license" : {
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                        "license" : "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/"
                     },
                     "nuts_level1" : {
                        "code" : null,
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                     },
                     "nuts_level2" : {
                        "code" : null,
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                     },
                     "nuts_level3" : {
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                  },
                  "lat" : 0.31628,
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            ],
            "aliases" : [
               "Uganda Clays Limited"
            ],
            "country" : {
               "country_code" : "UG",
               "country_name" : "Uganda"
            },
            "email_address" : null,
            "established" : 1950,
            "external_ids" : {
               "GRID" : {
                  "all" : "grid.454364.4",
                  "preferred" : "grid.454364.4"
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            },
            "id" : "https://ror.org/02np5p423",
            "ip_addresses" : [],
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         "substring" : "UCL"
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      {
         "chosen" : false,
         "matching_type" : "ACRONYM",
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               "UCL"
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            "addresses" : [
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                  "country_geonames_id" : null,
                  "geonames_city" : {
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                     },
                     "geonames_admin2" : {
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                     "id" : 2615876,
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                     "nuts_level1" : {
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                     "nuts_level2" : {
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                     "nuts_level3" : {
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                  "lat" : 55.39594,
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            "aliases" : [],
            "country" : {
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               "ISNI" : {
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               "Wikidata" : {
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            "id" : "https://ror.org/04dj1na10",
            "ip_addresses" : [],
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               {
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                     "geonames_admin2" : {
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            "id" : "https://ror.org/0572v5y16",
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                  "city" : "Pittsburgh",
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               },
               "Wikidata" : {
                  "all" : [
                     "Q7432381"
                  ],
                  "preferred" : null
               }
            },
            "id" : "https://ror.org/0370sk906",
            "ip_addresses" : [],
            "labels" : [
               {
                  "iso639" : "en",
                  "label" : "School of Arabic Studies"
               }
            ],
            "links" : [
               "https://www.eea.csic.es"
            ],
            "name" : "Escuela de Estudios Árabes",
            "relationships" : [
               {
                  "id" : "https://ror.org/02gfc7t72",
                  "label" : "Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas",
                  "type" : "Parent"
               }
            ],
            "status" : "active",
            "types" : [
               "Facility"
            ],
            "wikipedia_url" : "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/School_of_Arabic_Studies"
         },
         "score" : 0.58,
         "substring" : "UCL School of Slavonic and East European Studies"
      },
      {
         "chosen" : false,
         "matching_type" : "COMMON TERMS",
         "organization" : {
            "acronyms" : [
               "IAO"
            ],
            "addresses" : [
               {
                  "city" : "Lyon",
                  "country_geonames_id" : null,
                  "geonames_city" : {
                     "city" : "Lyon",
                     "geonames_admin1" : {
                        "ascii_name" : null,
                        "code" : "FR.ARA",
                        "id" : null,
                        "name" : "Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes"
                     },
                     "geonames_admin2" : {
                        "ascii_name" : null,
                        "code" : null,
                        "id" : null,
                        "name" : null
                     },
                     "id" : 2996944,
                     "license" : {
                        "attribution" : "Data from geonames.org under a CC-BY 3.0 license",
                        "license" : "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/"
                     },
                     "nuts_level1" : {
                        "code" : null,
                        "name" : null
                     },
                     "nuts_level2" : {
                        "code" : null,
                        "name" : null
                     },
                     "nuts_level3" : {
                        "code" : null,
                        "name" : null
                     }
                  },
                  "lat" : 45.74846,
                  "line" : null,
                  "lng" : 4.84671,
                  "postcode" : null,
                  "primary" : false,
                  "state" : null,
                  "state_code" : null
               }
            ],
            "aliases" : [],
            "country" : {
               "country_code" : "FR",
               "country_name" : "France"
            },
            "email_address" : null,
            "established" : 1992,
            "external_ids" : {
               "GRID" : {
                  "all" : "grid.462343.4",
                  "preferred" : "grid.462343.4"
               },
               "ISNI" : {
                  "all" : [
                     "0000 0001 2190 6600"
                  ],
                  "preferred" : null
               }
            },
            "id" : "https://ror.org/007dy3y92",
            "ip_addresses" : [],
            "labels" : [
               {
                  "iso639" : "en",
                  "label" : "Lyons Institute of East Asian Studies"
               }
            ],
            "links" : [
               "https://iao.cnrs.fr"
            ],
            "name" : "Institut d'Asie Orientale",
            "relationships" : [
               {
                  "id" : "https://ror.org/03rth4p18",
                  "label" : "Université Lumière Lyon 2",
                  "type" : "Parent"
               },
               {
                  "id" : "https://ror.org/04zmssz18",
                  "label" : "École Normale Supérieure de Lyon",
                  "type" : "Parent"
               },
               {
                  "id" : "https://ror.org/02h3vcz70",
                  "label" : "Sciences Po Lyon",
                  "type" : "Parent"
               }
            ],
            "status" : "active",
            "types" : [
               "Facility"
            ],
            "wikipedia_url" : null
         },
         "score" : 0.54,
         "substring" : "UCL School of Slavonic and East European Studies"
      }
   ],
   "number_of_results" : 17
}

🚧

Don't automatically select the first "unchosen" result of an ?affiliation query with no chosen: true result

When no result has "chosen": true, the first result is not necessarily the best match for a given affiliation string. In that case, several results may have the exact same score and/or there may be no match with a high score. Because the affiliation service breaks a given affiliation string into multiple substrings and performs searches of each substring on its own as well as in combination with other substrings, a high scoring match that is not chosen may be a match to only a small portion of the entire affiliation string. In these cases, it is best to respect the absence of "chosen": true and leave the string unmatched or add a layer of human or machine assignment, at your discretion.

Other ways to match affiliations to ROR records

See our guide on Matching organization names to ROR IDs for more details on using the affiliation parameter and other methods, including third-party machine learning models, to match long, messy affiliation strings to ROR records.